Sleep Apnea
What is Sleep Apnea?
Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by repetitive interruptions in breathing during sleep. There are two main types of sleep apnea:
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): the most common; caused by a physical blockage of the airway, usually due to the collapse of the soft tissue in the back of the throat.
- Central Sleep Apnea (CSA): caused by a failure of the brain to transmit proper signals to the muscles that control breathing.
Both types of sleep apnea are very disruptive to sleep and overall health and diagnosis and treatment is imperative.
Signs/Symptoms of Sleep Apnea
- Fragmented sleep
- Loud snoring
- Choking/gasping during sleep
- Restless sleep
- Excessive daytime sleepiness or fatigue
- Morning headaches
- Difficulty concentrating
- High blood pressure
- Dry mouth
How is Sleep Apnea Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of sleep apnea involves a sleep study which can be done at home or in a sleep lab. This is done to determine the frequency and severity of the interruptions in breathing.
How is Sleep Apnea Treated?
Treatment options for sleep apnea are multifactorial. It may include using a Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) device, oral appliance, or surgery. Lifestyle changes are always included in the treatment plan and include losing weight, avoiding alcohol and sedatives, and/or sleeping on your side. It is important to work with a sleep medicine provider to determine what the best options are for you.
The Consequences of Untreated Sleep Apnea
Untreated sleep apnea can have a number of serious consequences, including:
- Risk or worsening of high blood pressure
- Heart disease
- Cardiac arrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation)
- Stroke
- Difficulty with concentration, attention, and/or memory
- Decreased quality of life
- Increased risk of accidents
It is important to get a proper diagnosis and treatment for sleep apnea to reduce the risk of these and other negative consequences.
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